基于“肺膀胱别通”浅析针刺肺经穴调治膀胱病

肺与膀胱相通,上为荣养周身以御邪,下以气化排浊调津液,从肺与膀胱关系可以看出,太阳之气与肺气共同卫外,以顾护肌表皮毛,故临床针刺治疗太阳体证时可考虑从肺经穴入手。临床取肺经穴位调治膀胱及其经脉病时,应辨别虚实,采取对应的补泻手法,考虑大部分肺经穴提插、捻转补泻手法不便施展,笔者认为可根据辨证采用更为合适的迎随补泻、徐疾补泻、开阖补泻,即观其脉证,补泻择之。其实不仅肺经穴可治膀胱病,膀胱经穴亦可治肺病,由于肺与膀胱两者经气互通,其中一条经上的穴位可治疗另一条相通经的循行部位或主治方向的疾病。虽然脏腑别通理论在针灸学上具备广泛应用的基础,但因表里经脏腑相互属络关系,更多被提及、应用的是"肺与大肠相关"。容易忽视"肺膀胱别通"在"卫气供给""津液代谢"上的关联。故在临床针刺治疗膀胱病时,可从有别于常规、传统的选经取穴上论治,亦可基于"肺与膀胱相关"以膀胱经穴治肺病,或以两经同取的方式指导针刺治疗相关病证。     

卒中溶栓绿色通道优化研究及实施效果分析

目的探讨卒中溶栓绿色通道的构建、整改对发病到实施溶栓的时间（onset to treatment time,OTT）、院内溶栓时间（door to needle time，DNT）、临床疗效及预后的影响。 方法收集通过绿色通道溶栓患者118例的临床资料，以时间为界分为对照组57例和观察组61例。比较2组OTT、DNT、DNT≤60 min比率、临床疗效、并发症发生情况、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分、Barthel指数（Barthel index，BI）评分、改良Rankin量表（Modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分等。 结果观察组OTT、DNT短于对照组，DNT≤60 min比例高于对照组（P＜0.01）。经过溶栓治疗72 h后，观察组临床疗效优于对照组，总有效率高于对照组（P＜0.01）。2组总并发症发生率和病死率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。2组NIHSS评分均呈逐渐降低趋势，观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组，组间、时点间、组间·时点间交互作用差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。2组BI评分均呈逐渐升高趋势，观察组BI评分高于对照组，组间、时点间、组间·时点间交互作用差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。治疗3个月以后，观察组mRS评分明显低于对照组，≤2分比例高于对照组（P＜0.01）。 结论卒中溶栓绿色通道的建立，能够显著缩短OTT、DNT，提高临床疗效，减轻残障程度，取得良好的社会效益。     

The adverse-effect profile of lacosamide

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Lacosamide has been used in epilepsy patients in the United States, Europe and Asia since it was approved by the FDA in 2008. Many patients have benefited from this drug as a new generation of sodium channel blocker. With the worldwide use of this drug, its adverse effects have gradually emerged, especially some rare adverse events.

Areas covered: The present review aims to summarize the adverse effects of lacosamide reported in the literature in recent years to promote the safe clinical application of the drug.

Expert opinion: In more than 10 years of experience in drug usage, adverse reactions of lacosamide have also been gradually discovered. The review showed that lacosamide is safe and effective in antiepileptic treatment, and its common side effects are dizziness, headache, drowsiness, diplopia, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Skin rashes, hematotoxicity and heart damage, psychological symptoms and suicide risk have also been reported and emphasized.     

A modality-specific somatosensory evoked potential test protocol for clinical evaluation: A feasibility study

ObjectiveWe aimed to establish an objective neurophysiological test protocol that can be used to assess the somatosensory nervous system.MethodsIn order to assess most fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system, repetitive stimuli of seven different modalities (touch, vibration, pinprick, cold, contact heat, laser, and warmth) were synchronized with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and applied on the cheek and dorsum of the hand and dorsum of the foot in 21 healthy subjects and three polyneuropathy (PNP) patients. Latencies and amplitudes of the modalities were assessed and compared. Patients received quantitative sensory testing (QST) as reference.ResultsWe found reproducible evoked potentials recordings for touch, vibration, pinprick, contact-heat, and laser stimuli. The recording of warm-evoked potentials was challenging in young healthy subjects and not applicable in patients. Latencies were shortest within Aβ-fiber-mediated signals and longest within C-fibers. The test protocol detected function loss within the Aβ-fiber and Aδ-fiber-range in PNP patients. This function loss corresponded with QST findings.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we developed a neurophysiological test protocol that can specifically assess most of the somatosensory modalities. Despite technical challenges, initial patient data appear promising regarding a possible future clinical application.SignificanceEstablished and custom-made stimulators were combined to assess different fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system using modality-specific evoked potentials.     

CACNA1C基因表达水平对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤利妥昔单抗耐药的预测价值

目的:探讨钙离子通道A1C（calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C，CACNA1C）基因表达水平对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B cell lymphoma，DLBCL）患者利妥昔单抗耐药的预测价值。方法:选取我院在2015年3月至2017年5月收治的DLBCL患者93例，均采用利妥昔单抗+CHOP方案化疗，随访2年，根据淋巴瘤化疗疗效评定标准，分为利妥昔单抗耐药组和敏感组；免疫组化法检测所有患者肿瘤组织的钙调蛋白CACNA1C基因、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2，BCL-2）基因、PRDM1基因表达情况；绘制受试者工作曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve，ROC），分析CACNA1C基因、BCL-2基因、PRDM1基因水平在预测DLBCL利妥昔单抗耐药中的效能。结果:93例患者中共出现利妥昔单抗耐药病例26例，耐药率为27.96%；在一般资料方面耐药与敏感病例比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；耐药组患者CACNA1C着色细胞比例（40.12±15.44)% vs (69.62±17.65）%低于敏感组，BCL-2着色细胞比例（66.31±15.92)% vs (47.43±14.66）%高于敏感组，PRDM1着色细胞比例（73.42±21.64)% vs (56.73±18.59）%高于敏感组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；ROC曲线显示，CACNA1C基因（AUC=0.848，95%CI=0.765~0.932）曲线下面积大于BCL-2基因（AUC=0.777，95%CI=0.673~0.881）和PRDM1基因（AUC=0.615，95%CI=0.486~0.744）；CACNA1C与BCL-2基因表达联合预测的曲线下面积（AUC=0.915，95%CI=0.854~0.976）显著高于三种基因表达水平单独预测，其中CACNA1C基因的最佳截点值为58.61%，BCL-2的最佳截点值为48.33%，此时联合预测在预测利妥昔单抗耐药的敏感性和特异性分别为80.77%和89.55%。结论:CACNA1C基因表达水平在预测DLBCL患者利妥昔单抗耐药方面具有较好的价值，其中CACNA1C与BCL-2联合预测利妥昔单抗耐药价值更高。